With the cold snap expected to last another week and energy prices soaring, it's harder than ever to keep warm and healthy. Medical experts for their quirky tips - with unexpected results.
隨著寒流一波波的來襲、能源價格又如此飛漲，現今比如果想隨時保持溫暖與健康比以往難上加難啊～ 快來看看醫學專家們意想不到的保暖小妙方吧！
- Decaf =decaffeinated (n.) 【口】去掉咖啡因的咖啡/茶
- Point one’s toes 壓腳趾；向下繃直腳尖
- Cold snap 寒流
- Soar (v.) 猛增；高漲
The prices of new cars have soared. 新車價格暴漲。
- Quirky (adj.) 奇特的；古怪的
The music was a quirky mixture of jazz and classical violins.該樂曲是爵士樂和古典小提琴曲的奇妙組合。
DON'T TURN UP THE CENTRAL HEATING 切勿調高中央暖器
This condition causes the small blood vessels to temporarily spasm when exposed to cold conditions, causing the extremities to 'drain' of blood, feeling cold and painful.
'To avoid feeling this dramatic change, don't overheat the house, but keep it at 18c to 20c,' says Mr Scurr.
血管外科顧問醫師John Scurr表示，當我們從溫暖的家中移動到寒冷的室外，可能會使我們的微血管急速收縮，引發雷諾氏症。這種症狀會導致突發性痙攣，使我們四肢感覺到寒冷與疼痛。為了避免這種突如其來的狀況，應盡量把中央空調維持在18~20度。
- Trigger (v.) 觸發；引起
The song triggered many happy memories. 那首歌勾起許多幸福的回憶。
- Blood vessel (n.) 血管
- Consultant (n.) 顧問；【英】顧問醫師、會診醫師
- Vascular (adj.) 血管的
- Surgeon (n.) 外科醫師
A surgeon removed the boy's brain tumor. 一位外科醫生為這男孩摘除了腦腫瘤。
- Spasm (n.) 痙攣；抽蓄
If breathing is not restored, the patient may go into spasm.如果病人的呼吸得不到恢復, 就有可能發生痙攣。
- Extremity (n.) 四肢
- Drain (v.) 排出(液體)；流失
DO DRINK DECAF TEA AND COFFEE 選擇無咖啡因的飲料
'Caffeine blocks receptors in the blood vessels and prevents them from constricting in the cold,' says Eddie Chaloner, consultant vascular surgeon at Lewisham General Hospital.
'Because they remain dilated, it means you lose heat faster. So if you are outside having a hot caffeinated drink you'll feel the cold more quickly, though it's not such a problem if you're inside.'
Opt for decaffeinated or herbal drinks instead. 'I drink ginger tea,' says physiotherapist Sammy Margo. 'It has natural warming properties.'
天冷的時候，總想要來一杯熱咖啡暖暖手。但你知道咖啡因可能會讓你失去體內的熱量嗎？
血管外科顧問醫師Eddie Chaloner說：「咖啡因會阻止血管收縮」。由於血管保持擴張的狀態，這意味著你身體的能量會喪失得更快。物理治療師Sammy Margo說：「可以選擇不含咖啡因或草本飲料來替代。我通常都喝薑茶，它有自然升溫的特性」。
- Takeaway (n.) 外賣；外帶
- Block (v.) 阻塞；凍結
A piece of rock had fallen and blocked up the path. 一塊岩石掉了下來, 堵住了路。
- Receptor (n.) 感覺器官
- Constrict (v.) 壓縮；收縮
- Dilated (adj.) 擴張的
- Opt for 選擇…
Fewer students are opting for science courses nowadays.現在選修理科的學生少了。
- Physiotherapist (n.) 物理治療師
- Property (n.) 特性、屬性
He is studying the medicinal properties of wild plants.他正在研究野生植物的藥物特性。
DON'T PUT HANDS IN POCKETS 不要把手插在口袋裡
'By swinging the arms, muscles will be given a workout, improving blood flow to the area which will generate body heat.'
當我們冷的時候，自然而然會把手放在口袋裡，並蜷縮著身體。但英國脊醫學會的Tim Hutchful說，其實走路的時候，雙手自由的擺動，反而會鍛鍊肌肉，縱而改善血液流動產生熱能。
- Instinct (n.) 本能、天性
Mother hens protect their young by instinct. 母雞保護小雞出於本能。
- Hunch (v.) 蜷縮；聳肩
She hunched up her shoulders sitting at the desk. 她聳著肩坐在書桌前。
- Workout (n.) 【口】鍛鍊、訓練
DO EAT PLENTY OF PROTEIN 享用足夠的蛋白質
'The body has to work hard to absorb protein compared with carbs and fats, so we use more energy and create heat, which helps to keep us warm.
'For breakfast, make porridge with soya milk, as this is higher in protein than regular milk. You can up the protein intake further by topping it with nuts and adding a swirl of natural yoghurt.'
營養師Sarah Schenker表示，蛋白質所產生的熱能遠比碳水化合物和脂肪多，而這有助於我們保暖。早餐不妨選擇麥片粥，捨棄掉牛奶，改用豆漿來做搭配，可以提高對蛋白質的攝取。也可以加入一些堅果和優格搭配食用。
- Digest (v.) 消化
Protein digests slowly. 蛋白質消化得慢。
- Carbohydrate =carbs (n.) 碳水化合物
You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet.
你日常飲食中不該有過多碳水化合物。
- Dietitian (n.) 營養師
- Absorb (v.) 吸收
Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.
植物從土壤中吸收養分。
- Porridge (n.) 【英】麥片粥
- Intake (n.) 攝取
Lower your intake of fat and alcohol to improve your health.
為了增進健康﹐減少脂肪和酒精的攝取。
DON'T WEAR A WOOLLY HAT 捨棄針織毛帽
We lose 30 per cent of body heat through our head, says Dr Andrew Camilleri, an ear, nose and throat surgeon at the University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Trust.
When buying a hat, choose one that covers the ears, too. 'The ears are thin, but have large surface areas so they lose heat easily.'
He also suggests wearing a hat made from fleece rather than wool. 'Fleece is good, as it's an insulating fabric and so it traps any still air between the hat and the head.
耳鼻喉科醫師Andrew Camilleri說：「身體有30%的熱能是從頭部散發出去，當我們要選購一頂帽子時，盡量選擇可以遮蓋耳朵的。雖然耳朵的皮膚較薄，但具有大量的表面積，使他們喪失熱量更快！材質的部分選擇聚酯纖維比一般針織更好」。
- Woolly (adj.) 羊毛製的；針織毛線的
She is wearing a woolly coat. 她穿著一件羊毛大衣。
- Fleece (n.) 人造聚酯纖維
- Insulating (adj.) 絕緣的；隔熱的
DO POINT YOUR TOES IN BED 在被窩裡做些簡單的運動
Doing a few simple exercises under the covers will help you feel warmer when you get out of bed, says physiotherapist Sammy Margo.
當我們要離開溫暖的被窩時，不妨先在被子裡做一些簡單的運動。轉轉腳踝、壓壓腳趾、提臀、夾大腿，這些簡易的動作將有助你血液循環。
- Thigh (n.) 大腿
- Buttocks (n.) (常用複數表示) 屁股、臀部
DON'T FORGET MOISTURISER 勤擦保濕產品
'Inflamed skin loses more heat because inflammation drives blood flow to the surface of the skin. But you can block this response by making sure you use plenty of moisturiser as well as other anti-inflammatory treatments such as steroid creams.'
如果你飽受濕疹和皮膚炎之苦，天冷的時候別忘了擦保濕產品。皮膚科醫生Anshoo Sahota說：「發炎的皮膚會喪失更多的熱量，因為發炎會導致血液都往皮膚的表面流動，但你可以使用保濕產品，或抗炎治療及類固醇藥膏來避免這種反應」。
- Eczema (n.) 濕疹
- Dermatitis (n.) 皮膚炎
- Moisturizer (n.) 潤膚產品；保濕產品
- Dermatologist (n.) 皮膚科醫師
- Inflamed (adj.) 發炎的；紅腫的
- Inflammation (n.) 發炎
Many babies develop a mild inflammation in the eyes a few days after birth.許多嬰孩出生幾天以後眼睛會有輕微的發炎。
- Steroid (n.) 類固醇
DO WARM SHOES ON THE RADIATOR 利用散熱器暖鞋
Feet are harder to keep warm, because in cold weather the body reduces blood flow to the extremities so more can be sent to vital organs.
因為天氣寒冷，血液留到四肢的速度會更慢，所以要讓腳隨時保持溫暖是很困難的。足科顧問醫師Mike O'Neill說：「腳，就像個保溫瓶。如果一開始是冰的，就很難再讓它熱起來」。他建議，穿上鞋子前，可以先利用散熱器，暖鞋一下（但不要在無人看守時使用）。再預備一雙放在辦公室，從腳開始，讓你的身體隨時保持溫暖的狀態！
- Organ (n.) 器官
The heart is one of the body's vital organs. 心臟是人體的重要器官之一。
- Thermos flask (n.) 保溫瓶
- Podiatrist (n.) 足科醫師
- Radiator (n.) 散熱器
Sit by the radiator and get warm. 坐在暖氣旁邊, 暖和暖和。
DON'T LET YOUR TUMMY GET COLD 別讓你的肚子著涼了
Wearing a gilet or body warmer such as a haramaki, a Japanese bandage style stomach wrap, can help beat the cold.
'Being wrapped around the stomach will help the body to maintain its core temperature so that it doesn't lose heat.'
想戰勝寒冷，不妨在外套裡多添加一件背心，或其他保暖衣物如：肚兜吧！
血管外科醫生Eddie Chaloner說：「穿著背心可以維持體溫，而肚兜也能幫助身體維持核心溫度，使其降低失去熱能」。
- Gilet (n.) 背心
- Wrap (v.) 纏繞、包裹
- Bandage (n.) 繃帶
He wrapped a bandage around his injured arm. 他給他受傷的手臂纏上了繃帶。
- Torso (n.) 人體軀幹
- Bypass (v.) 繞過
Francis bypassed the complaints procedure and wrote straightto the director.弗朗西絲繞過正常的投訴程序﹐直接寫信給董事。
DO USE A ROCKING CHAIR 使用搖椅
Sitting in a rocking chair isn't just therapeutic for the mind - it helps you generate energy while sitting down.
Shivering can start when the body temperature drops below 37c. Using a rocking chair requires moving the large muscle groups in the arms and legs, keeping blood flowing and so helping to generate body heat.
別小看搖椅了！當我們坐著不動的時候，我們的體溫會開始下降，當我們的體溫低於37度時，肌肉會開始顫抖，而顫抖就是身體不由自主地收縮和放鬆，以產生熱能，盡量保持溫暖。這時搖椅，就不再是老人的專利了！搖椅藉由擺動手臂和腿部的大肌群，使血液保持流動，從而幫助身體產生熱量。
- Therapeutic (adj.) 治療的；有益健康的
- Motionless (adj.) 不動的；靜止的
Helen sat motionless and silent . 海倫一動也不動﹐默默地坐着。
- Shiver (v.) 發抖、顫抖
- Involuntarily (adv.) 不由自主地
I shivered involuntarily. 我不禁發抖起來。
DON'T HIBERNATE ALONE AT HOME 不要宅在家裡
In a study by the University of Toronto, scientists found that social exclusion makes us feel far colder than if we were socialising and spending time with people.
'When we are with people we enjoy spending time with then we will be distracted and not notice the room temperature,' says Dr Jan Wise, a community consultant psychiatrist in London.
Socialising in your home will have similar benefits. 'Being with friends can feel cosy and those positive feelings will make people feel as if they are not as cold.'
天氣冷颼颼，別以為待在家裡就是保暖的好方法。加拿大的科學家發現，出門跟朋友聚在一起反而會讓你感到溫暖！
倫敦精神科顧問醫師 Dr Jan Wise 表示，當我們與人接觸時，我們會把重心放在人群上，以至於忘記感覺到冷的這件事情。其實不一定要出門，在家裡多跟家人相處，也可以達到類似的作用～
- Hibernate (v.) 冬眠；過冬
- Social exclusion 社會排除；社會孤立
- Distract (v.) 分心；分散
Noise distracted the writer from his work. 吵鬧聲使這位作者工作時注意力分散。
- Psychiatrist (n.) 精神病醫師
- Cosy (adj.) 舒適的、愜意的
DO LOOK BACK ON HAPPY MEMORIES 多回想快樂的回憶
Researchers asked volunteers to think about a happy memory or an ordinary event from their past and then guess the temperature of the room.Those who recalled a nostalgic event felt the room to be warmer.
The theory is that nostalgia recreates the feeling of previous physical comfort - you feel warmer or your tolerance of cold is increased.
南安普敦大學的一項研究顯示，「回憶過去」將有助你保持溫暖！
研究人員要求參與者回想他們過去快樂的記憶，並感受房間的溫度。而要求回憶過往快樂時光的參與者皆表示房間的溫度有升高的感覺。該理論認為，多回想過去快樂的記憶會使你感到溫暖，或增加你的抗寒性。
- Nostalgic (adj.) 懷舊的
Seeing those old school photographs has made me quite nostalgic.
看到那些上學時拍的舊照片﹐我不禁產生了懷舊之情。
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2513438/Want-beat-winter-chill-DONT-wear-woolly-hat-DO-drink-decaf-point-toes-bed--experts-reveal-surprising-winter-warmers.html#ixzz2pEYWgXob
